9/4/2023 0 Comments The metamorphosisThe Modernist movement also influenced Kafka’s works. ![]() Critics still find new evidence of their impact on The Metamorphosis. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels created socialism, which started accumulating followers among the working classes who opposed inequality in Europe. Unfortunately, many people interpreted Nietzsche’s ideas differently, clinging to the idea of existential nihilism and anti-Semitism.Īt the same time, Sigmund Freud popularized psychoanalysis and contributed a lot to modern psychiatry. Friedrich Nietzsche, a German philosopher, contributed to the idea of existentialism and atheism, debating on human nature in his famous work Übermensch ( Superhuman). It could also launch chemical attacks that created horrible casualties.Īs for the ideologies, many of them appeared at the same time, in part, as a response to all the anxieties people experienced during those uncertain times. The artillery was getting bigger and could fire at greater distances, causing massive damage. The XIXth– XXth century saw the invention of automatic weapon systems, such as rifles, SMGs, and machine guns. In particular, Jewish populations were under scorn, as many pogroms were happening all over Europe.Īdditionally, new means of warfare and mass extermination were being developed. ![]() Nationalistic movements were on the rise, and the idea of racial and national chauvinism prevailed over the minds of Europeans. The newly founded German Empire, with its militaristic regime, pushed for the “redivision” of the European continent. Empires competed for dominance over many colonies in Africa. ![]() The overall atmosphere of Europe at that time was hectic. The Metamorphosis was written in 1912, just two years before the First World War. It saw the rise of new technologies and weapons, ideologies, and nationalist movements. Kafka lived and worked on the periphery of the XIXth and XXth centuries, a turbulent time for the world and Europe in particular.
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